Turbochargers and Superchargers

What is the simple principle behind modern turbocharging?
If the air entring a n engine is pressurised and more oxygen is forced in then by adding more fuel the result is higher engine torque and power.

Describe the terms engine torque and power!
engine torque: torque is the amount of rotational force the engine generates.
power: Engine power is measured at the engine flywheel at the crankshaft output. it can be increased by variable valve timing and turbochargers.

how much oxygen is at sea level?
.016 lbs of oxygen per cubic foot at sea level.

at altitudes what difficulties are faced by an engine?
it becomes more difficult for the engine to obtain the mass of oxygen it needs to generate it required power.

define the term naturally aspirated?
a car that is not running on a supercharger or turbocharger.

when fuel is mixed with insufficient oxygen what happens to the fuel?
the fuel is only partially burned and some escapes out if the exhaust as black smoke.

simply put how does a turbocharger helps to supply air?
it helps to suplly air by forcing the air into the combustion chamber under pressure.

why is a turbo engine able to maintain the same air fuel ratio as at sea level?
it is able to this since the needed atmoshperic pressure makes the turbine stage more efficient.

how are mechanicle superchargers driven?
it is used as a mechanicle pump driven directly from the engine.

why is the supercharger described as an engine parasite?
it uses a large proportion of the potential power increase to drive itself.

give an example of how much power the supercharger takes from the engine?
a engine with 220 horse power is fitted wwith a supercharger which has a potential of 370 horse power but 50 horse power is taken to drive the supercharger so the final power of the engine is 320 horse power.

why is the turbocharger considered to be far more efficient?
because it is able to utilise both the pressure and the heat energy of the engine exhaust gases without taking power from the engine.

inside the turbo where is the exhaust gas chanelled?
turbine housing

what happens next to the exhaust gases?
it enters the turbine wheel.

the gas enters the turbine wheel, what happens to the speed of the gas?
slows down releasing energy.

which two components are connected by the common shaft?
turbine wheel and compressor wheel

during the turbo process what is the compressor wheel doing?
draws filtered air to the compressor housing raising both its pressure and density, and forces it into the engine.

a turbo housing contains fully floating bearings use the internet to describe the bearing types.
the floating bearings sit on oil which makes less friction between the bearing and the common shaft

what other names are turbo oil seals known as?
split ring seals
piston ring seals

what is a thrust bearing?
a thrust bearing is a particular type of rotary bearing, like other bearings they permit rotation between parts, but they are designed to support a high axial load while doing this.

what governs the rate of airflow?
the design of both the wheels and the housings and by the speed of the turbo.

turbo diagnosis

A turbocharger has been removed. Describe the checks which a technician should perform?
they could be poor throttle adjustment, blocked airflow or exhaust need to check for airflow blocks or exhaust leakage making sure the wastegate actuator is working properly

24)check that the turbine spins freely then check that the clearences are inside the munufactures tolerences

25)axial is a geometry term for down the middle of a axis and radial is the radius of a object

26)apply three bar air pressure to your wastgate

27)cyclic knock or surge, high pitched squeal squeak or howl

turbo or super you decide?
i decide on a turbo because unlike a supercharger it doesnt act like a parasite when operated.

wastegates

1)a wastegate is a little port in a turbocharger with a covering flap operated by a actuator arm

2)a wastegate is there to let off boost pressure when it is either no longer needed or to keep the turbo at a predefined speed without going over

3)it has a spring set to a desired pressure then a diaphram conected to a valve when the exhaust gasses that go past it reach enough pressure to push the spring up and open the valve and the excess gasses get channeled back to the exhaut system

4)turbo intercooled means that the car has a turbocharger run off exhaust gasses to increase power the extra air preduced by the turbo is also forced through a intercooler to make sure the air going into the engine is as cool and as dense as possible

5)the wastegate makes a huge difference in performance because it lets extra boost pressure off and so it can drop performance if it dumps to much boost but if it isnt there the turbo could overspeed and also damage engine and so depending on what strength spring you have you can have your turbo run at the performance you want.